Uncertainty About the Consequences

Making decisions is difficult when we are uncertain if our actions will work, or worse if they could cause negative consequences, such as someone being hurt.

Rule Book Does Not Apply

Applying rules takes some skill in interpreting the intent. As much as following the rules can be limiting, it is often more difficult to make a tough decision when there is no legal precedent, no clear policy guidance, or no established procedures.

No Good Options

When none of the options is a clearly positive choice, decision making is particularly difficult. In this case, the lesser of the two in terms of negative consequences frequently is the better option.

Disagreement, With No Time for Consensus Building

Often there is strong disagreement among coworkers, stakeholders, or the community about the best course of action, in conjunction with limited time to build consensus. Ethical decisions may end up being lose/win or lose/lose decisions rather than win/win.